Tuesday, 27 September 2011

Slight drop in higher GCSE grades

By Maggie Taggart Education Correspondent  About 30,000 students sat GCSEs in Northern Ireland this year GCSE results have been revealed and while overall the percentage of passes in Northern Ireland remains the same, higher grades have slipped.


In 2010, 75.3% of students won between an A* and a C grade, this year that has dropped by 0.5%.


However across England, Wales and NI, performance has improved across all levels of grades.


Girls continue to do better than boys and the difference is particularly pronounced at higher grades.


From next year, pupils in England will revert to the old system of two years' study followed by exams.


It follows criticism from Education Secretary Michael Gove about the number of pupils re-sitting modules over and over again until they get a good grade.

Return to exams

In Northern Ireland, after concerns about pupils getting too much help on their course work, the rules were tightened.


Pupils collecting their results on Thursday will be the first to have done their practical work under controlled, exam-type conditions.


A change to the modular system of exams in England could also affect future GCSE pupils.


From next year, English exam boards will stop offering courses divided into modules and instead will go back to the old system of two years study, culminating in exams.


That would affect local students who sit English exams and the Department of Education in Northern Ireland is considering whether to end modular exams in Northern Ireland too.


A consultation paper will be issued shortly.


The Department of Education and Learning is offering advice to students who have just received their results.

University sets new student fees

Robert Gordon University is the latest institute to set its RUK fees Robert Gordon University (RGU) in Aberdeen has become the latest institute to set its fees for non-Scottish students.


The university has adopted a tiered approach, with three bands of undergraduate fees.


The bands reflect the fact that some courses cost more to deliver than others.


Many of the courses include a paid work-placement which will be charged at 50% of the headline fee.


The headline cost of courses at RGU has been set at between £5,000 and £8,500 a year.


The most expensive course, the Master of Pharmacy, will cost a total of £34,000.


Professor Ferdinand von Prondzynski, Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Robert Gordon University, said: "In setting our RUK bands we believe we have developed a framework that is both fair and pragmatic.

Continue reading the main story All business, management and social science courses will cost £5,000 a yearAll art and design, architecture and built environment, computing, engineering, health and science courses will charge £6,750 a yearMaster of Pharmacy will cost £8,500 a year.''By basing our charges on the cost of delivering our degrees, we are ensuring that we do not make profit from students who wish to study at RGU, while ensuring their study is not subsidised from revenues received to support Scottish and EU students.''


The Scottish Agricultural College (SAC) has also announced it will set fees of £6,750 and a degree cost of £27,000 for English, Welsh and Northern Irish students from 2012/13.


Robin Parker, president of NUS Scotland, said: "The setting of £27,000 for a degree is not good news for SAC students from the rest of the UK.


''We know that fees price out students and make educational decisions come down to ability to pay, rather than ability to succeed.''

Heads set date for strike ballot

Teachers staged a one-day strike against pensions cuts last term - now heads could join the protest A head teachers' union is to ballot members for what would be its first ever strike, in a dispute over reductions to their pensions.


The National Association of Head Teachers' ballot will run from 29 September until 9 November.


This could see heads joining other public sector staff in a protest against pension cuts on 30 November.


The NAHT represents heads and senior staff, particularly in primary schools, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.


If heads back the call for strike action, it would be the first such strike in the union's 114-year history.

Schools closed

Russell Hobby, the union's general secretary, said: "No school leader wants to strike and it is a symbol of their anger over this issue that they are even considering it as an option. For many, the attack on pensions is more than a question of attacks on individual retirement plans but a threat to the future of education itself."


The ballot means that schools could face disruption during the autumn term - and this could become part of wider co-ordinated action against controversial changes to public sector pensions.


The NASUWT teachers' union is also preparing for a ballot for industrial action - expected to be in the autumn term.


During the summer term, a one-day strike over pensions by the National Union of Teachers, the Association of Teachers and Lecturers and the University and College Union saw an estimated 12,000 schools and colleges being closed or facing disruption.


The announcement of the head teachers' ballot date is against a background of continuing talks between unions and the government to settle the pensions dispute.


A Cabinet Office spokesman said: "We are totally committed to genuine engagement with the unions. We have a lot to talk about and there are proposals on the table for discussion."

Pupils narrow top grade GCSE gap

By Ciaran Jenkins BBC Wales education correspondent The education minister praised 'strong performances' in science and maths

The gap in GCSE performance between Wales and England and Northern Ireland has been cut in the top grades but widened in three out of four headline measures.


This year, 6.6% of entries received an A*, up 0.5% on last year, while 66.5% earned an A* to C, up 0.1%.


The education minister praised "strong performances" in science and maths.


Welsh exam board WJEC said the overall results were a "modest improvement" on last year.


But it said "despite these improvements, there remained a gap between the grades achieved in Wales and those achieved across the UK as a whole".


In England and Northern Ireland, 7.8% received an A*, up 0.3%, while 69.8% earned an A* to C grade, up 0.8%.

Continue reading the main story
It's encouraging to see more entries in Wales achieving the higher grades again this year”

End Quote Leighton Andrews Education Minister The difference in performance between Wales and England and Northern Ireland is most pronounced in the percentage of A* or A grades, with 3.7% fewer entries reaching that benchmark here.

Four-year trend

Overall the A* to G pass rate remained the same at 98.7%, and increased by 0.1% to 98.8% in England and Northern Ireland.


Students in Scotland found out the results of their Highers and Advanced Highers earlier this month.


The narrowing of the gap at A* ends a four-year trend, although the difference in performance is still greater than at any point in recent history with the exception of last year.


The growing gulf in the headline A* to C measure is, however, likely to be considered a cause for concern. The gap now stands wider than ever at 3.3%, whereas just six years ago Wales outperformed England and Northern Ireland.

Olivia Evans (L) and her sister Olivia Evans (L), a student at Howell's School in Cardiff, celebrates her GCSE results with her sister

"The pass rate for GCSE remains extremely high at 98.7% and it's encouraging to see more entries in Wales achieving the higher grades again this year," said Education Minister Leighton Andrews.


"I was also particularly pleased to note the strong performances across the sciences and in maths given the importance of these subjects to meeting the future needs of industry in Wales and beyond and their high value to learners."


Mr Andrews also praised almost 6,000 students who received their Welsh Baccalaureate qualification results.


Pupils around Wales have been receiving their GCSE results.


"What a magical moment, I can't believe it. I've passed mathematics after two attempts. It's a fantastic outcome," said Bradley, from Cynffig Comprehensive in Bridgend.


He received seven GCSE passes and will go on to study various courses at sixth form.


And at St David's High School in Saltney, Flintshire, friends Chris and George said they were in a "state of shock", surpassing their expectations with 17 passes between them, including six A* grades and five As.

'Very proud'

Angela Burns AM, Conservative education spokesperson in the assembly, said the thousands of young people receiving their GCSE results deserved congratulations for their efforts.

Pupils from Cynffig Comprehensive in Bridgend celebrate with their results Pupils from Cynffig Comprehensive in Bridgend celebrate with their results

She added: "While a rise in the top grades is welcome, concerns remain about the sustained and widening gap between educational performance in Wales and the rest of the UK.


"It is concerning to see a drop in the number of entries for some of the subjects which universities and employers rate most highly such as history, geography and modern foreign languages."


Plaid Cymru education spokesperson Simon Thomas AM said the pressure that students were under waiting for results had been incredible.


"It is an encouraging raft of results overall and the students, their teachers and parents should feel very proud indeed," he added.


Owen Hathway, policy officer with NUT Cymru, said there were areas that could be improved on but "perhaps the results also show the system is not quite as broken as it might appear to be from statements in the past".


Chris Keates, general secretary of teachers trade union Nasuwt, said: "These results are a testament to the hard work of young people and the dedication and commitment of their teachers and the wider school workforce.


"These achievements are all the more remarkable considering the fact that schools are delivering in the context of a massive funding gap of over £600 per pupil, when compared to England."


Dr Philip Dixon, director of the association of teachers and lecturers added: "It is pleasing to note that the number of students achieving A* to C continues to grow, but the real good news story is the significant increase in the number achieving A* and A grades.


"This augers well for the future."


Source: Joint Council for Qualifications

University plans to go it alone

23 September 2011 Last updated at 05:59 GMT The university plans to award its own degrees

Glyndwr University in Wrexham plans to leave the alliance of institutions making up the University of Wales.

The decision follows recent proposals by the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (Hefcw) to amalgamate Glyndwr with other universities.

The institution's plans to award its own degrees signal an intention to remain independent.

Hefcw said it did not wish to comment on the plans. The Welsh Government has been asked to comment.

Glyndwr vice-chancellor Professor Michael Scott said the decision was a measure of Glyndwr University's "significant growth and progress" in the past three years.

Earlier this month a proposition by Hefcw suggesting that Glyndwr teams up with other further education colleges under the leadership of Aberystwyth and Bangor universities, met opposition from a number of Labour MPs and AMs in north east Wales.

Continue reading the main story
The university has established itself as a respected, growing international brand”

End Quote Prof Michael Scott Vice-chancellor, Glyndwr University They included Wrexham MP Ian Lucas, who said the proposal displayed a "woeful ignorance" of local needs and would take leadership away from the region.

Education Minister Leighton Andrews was handed a blueprint for merging universities in the summer, and recommendations from Hefcw would cut the number from 11 to six.

Prof Scott said: "Having enjoyed three successful years since gaining university status, we believe the time is now to put the taught degree awarding powers we worked hard to gain in 2008 into operation.

"The university has established itself as a respected, growing international brand as well as fostering key partnerships and taking a leading role in economic and social development in north east Wales.

"In 2010 we introduced a new institutional and commissioning structure.

"This has significantly strengthened the university's ability to monitor the quality, cost and relevance of the courses we offer and to ensure they are meeting the needs of the region, the country and our students."

'Delivering our mission'

The changes mean Glyndwr will fully award its own degrees rather than those from the University of Wales.

Students enrolling for 2011 courses will be offered the opportunity to register for Glyndwr University degrees, but can also choose to receive a University of Wales degree.

Continue reading the main story
Decisions about our future relationships will be framed by our response to the Welsh Government's consultation”

End Quote University of Wales, Newport The change will not apply to postgraduate research students, such as those studying for PhDs.

The University of Wales Alliance was formed in 2009 and comprises Wales' smallest and newest higher education institutions, including a number in Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and Carmarthen.

In the past seven years Cardiff, Bangor, Swansea and Aberystwyth universities have opted out of the institution.

Commenting on the future membership of the University of Wales Alliance, a spokesperson for the University of Wales, Newport said: "Newport is currently focused on securing the best future for delivering our mission in the Gwent region through developing our response to the consultation on reconfiguration of the HE sector in Wales.

"In the meantime, we will note any developments within the sector but decisions about our future relationships will be framed by our response to the Welsh Government's consultation."

Glyndwr, formerly the North East Wales Institute, was granted university status in 2008 and named after medieval rebel prince Owain Glyndwr.

Trinity Saint David and Swansea Metropolitan universities recently announced plans for a formal merger with the University of Wales.

Uwic pulled out of the proposed new "super university" in July, citing a "lack of attention to good governance, due process and administration."

Overseas student numbers rise

By Angela Harrison Education correspondent, BBC News  Universities around the world compete for overseas students The number of overseas students coming to the UK has risen dramatically in the past five years.


Numbers increased by 32% in the five years to 2010, data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (Hesa) show.


There was an 6% increase in number of home students in the UK over the same time.


Last year, there were just over 400,000 overseas students studying at universities in the UK.


At undergraduate level, the five years to 2010 saw a 5% rise in home students from the UK attending UK universities and a 27% increase in overseas students.


At postgraduate level, UK student numbers rose by nearly 9%, while those of overseas students increased by 37%.


Universities compete to attract students from overseas, who can bring valuable financial contributions as well as added status to an institution.


Students from other European Union countries have to pay whatever fees are charged to local students in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.


In Scotland, where Scottish students do not pay fees, EU students from outside of the UK do not pay fees, while students from other parts of the UK do.


Students from outside of the EU are charged a range of fees - with no upper limit.

'Closed for business'

University academics say the research shows the importance of foreign students to the UK.


The coalition government, in its drive to reduce immigration, is tightening controls on student visas.


Sally Hunt, the general secretary of the University and College Union said: "This report highlights the importance of foreign students to UK universities and the economy.


"Our universities are consistently enriched by the students and academics that come to this country to study, carry out research and share their knowledge.


"Politicians must be very careful not to restrict academic access or make ill-judged comments that give the impression UK universities are closed for business."

Report criticises English A-level

Angela Harrison Education correspondent, BBC News  The government has already made changes to GCSEs A-level exams in English literature have been criticised in a report by England's exam watchdog Ofqual.


A review of papers from 2005 and 2009 says formulaic questions led to some papers being less demanding.


And the report said that some exams were not challenging enough because they focused on extracts from texts rather than whole books or works.


Schools Minister Nick Gibb said the report gave "cause for concern" and would have to be addressed.


Ofqual is charged with ensuring standards in exams are maintained over time and regularly compares questions set on exam papers by the various exam boards, as well as looking at candidates' work and the grades they are given.


For GCSE English, Ofqual concludes that standards "have been maintained over time", saying that there was "no significant change" in terms of how demanding the questions were.

Northern Lights

But the watchdog is more critical of A-level English literature.


It says there were variations between different exam boards in terms of how challenging the papers were and that "formulaic questions" meant some exams in 2009 were less demanding than in 2005.


In both years, it says a focus on extracts rather than whole books meant exams were not challenging enough, because candidates did not have to show all their knowledge of a literary work.


The report is also critical of a change in the the texts set by exam board AQA.


It says Captain Corelli's Mandolin and Catch 22 were replaced by The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Northern Lights and that the latter two books were not challenging enough.


Schools Minister Nick Gibb said: "Some aspects of Ofqual's reports clearly give cause for concern. We are committed to restoring confidence in GCSEs and A-levels as rigorous and valued qualifications which match the best in the world.


"The findings on English literature reflect the concerns we have already identified with the depth and scope of the reading required in key exams.


"We will be working with Ofqual and the exam boards to ensure these shortcomings are addressed as we introduce new GCSEs following the National Curriculum Review."


The government has already ordered a switch from modular-style GCSEs, with controlled assessments, to a system where exams are taken at the end of two years of study.


The exams Ofqual looked at for its report now have new specifications.

'Appropriate level'

The exam board AQA said: "Overall, Ofqual found that all awarding organisations included texts of real quality, stimulus and demand and that that there had been no significant change in demand between 2005 and 2009.


"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Northern Lights were texts on our legacy Literature A specification (they are not on our current specifications).


"These texts were chosen at the time because we felt they presented an appropriate level of demand for A-level students, requiring them to study connections and comparisons between texts."

Facebook baby hoax teacher banned

Victoria Jones took 82 photographs of another woman's baby from Facebook A teacher who stole baby pictures from Facebook to make her ex-boyfriend think they had a baby has been banned from working in the classroom for two years.


Victoria Jones, 23, kept up the pretence for two years, the General Teaching Council for Wales heard.


She was found guilty of unacceptable professional conduct which she had denied.


The Newport teacher was cleared of compromising her position of trust and bringing the school into disrepute.


Ms Jones, who worked at Ringland Primary School's nursery, admitted taking 82 photographs of a baby girl from the social networking website, the council heard.


She was said to have claimed the baby she called Keira was one of twins - and that her brother, Harrison, born with Down's Syndrome, had died soon after birth.


Ms Jones was accused of weaving "an elaborate web of deceit" to gain revenge on her ex-boyfriend Daniel Barberini, 26, after their 16-month relationship ended.


New York

Continue reading the main story
We are satisfied Miss Jones' actions fall short of that expected of a registered teacher”

End Quote John Collins Disciplinary panel chairman The disciplinary panel heard she thought up the hoax after a former schoolmate added her as a "friend" on Facebook to show her the pictures of her own daughter.


The photos showed the child hours after she was born, celebrating her first birthday, enjoying Christmas and playing at home.


Ms Jones claimed to have given birth to his twins in New York before emigrating from Britain to Australia.


The hoax came to light when Mr Barberini showed one of the pictures to a friend who also knew the baby's real mother.


Speaking before the hearing, Mr Barberini said: "I still can't believe how Victoria could be so cruel. I was so proud of my little girl and to lose her like that was just horrendous."


'One of the quietest'

Continue reading the main story
She had access to my Facebook site as a friend but I haven't seen her for six years,”

End Quote Ex-schoolfriend whose Facebook photos were stolen by Ms Jones The baby's mother informed the police but after an investigation officers ruled the teacher had not broken the law.


The mother said she remembered Ms Jones from school as "one of the quietest people you could ever meet".


"She had access to my Facebook site as a friend but I haven't seen her for six years," she said.


"After I found out what was going on she phoned me and wanted to meet up - but I said no."


Panel chairman John Collins said: "We are satisfied Miss Jones' actions fall short of that expected of a registered teacher.


"Although acts were conducted in her private life, the consequences impacted adversely in her standing as a teacher as well as bringing the profession into disrepute.


'Right-minded person'


"She used the photos to support a fictitious tale in her personal cause. We are satisfied she copied photos of the child from Facebook."


Presenting officer Gwenno Hughes-Marshall had earlier said some parents had regarded her actions as a silly mistake, while others had threatened to remove their children from the school.


"One student teacher didn't return as she didn't want to be associated with the school after Miss Jones' actions," she said.


The teacher, who did not attend the hearing, was represented by her union NASUWT.


Colin Adkins, her union representative, earlier told the panel: "Any right-minded person, as Victoria Jones does now, would consider her actions as wrong.


"But the acts were conducted in her private life."

'New Brit School' plan for north

Liam Allen Entertainment reporter, BBC News  Adele and Jessie J have helped Brit School alumni to sell a combined estimated total of 65m albums A "new Brit School" could be created in the North West by 2013, former education secretary Lord Baker says.


He said it would be "very sensible" to have a centre, established on the same lines as south London's Brit School, based in the MediaCity area of Salford.


It came as research suggested that Brit School alumni, such as Adele, Jessie J and Leona Lewis, had sold 65 million albums worldwide.


Lord Baker was speaking at the school's 20th anniversary celebrations.


The Conservative peer is behind an initiative to develop university technical colleges (UTCs).


UTCs will provide high-level technical skills for 11 to 19-year-olds, in conjunction with employers and universities.


But a new school in Salford - which would be run entirely separately from the Brit School - could be aimed at 14 to 19-year-olds, like its south London counterpart.


"I'm very hopeful that, under this new type of college, we're going to establish a new Brits School... very similar to yours," said Lord Baker, who now chairs the Baker Dearing Educational Trust and Edge Foundation.

"We've looked at what you've done because you've found a way to make it successful."


He added: "We're thinking of a curriculum that is 50% performing arts and 50% technology - running television studios and recording studios.


"I hope we might have that going within two years."


He said it would be logical for the school to be based in Salford "because the BBC is going there and it's becoming a big cultural centre".


Brit School principal Nick Williams said he understood Lord Baker's plan was still "in its early days".

Brit school student Ben Lochrie Student Ben Lochrie played Joe Satriani's Satch Boogie

He added that creating a centre for the creative industries in places like Salford would "bring together into one place, a series of large, small and medium-sized companies that have an inter-relationship".


Adding educational facilities to such a creative centre could provide a route for talent into the entertainment industry, ensuring students were learning the right things and connecting organisations with local communities, he said.


Highlights of the Brit School's "industry day" included an emotional performance of The Honour of Your Name, from US musical The Similar Way, by student Ashleigh Ludwig.


An acceptance speech by 18-year-old Ben Lochrie - who was awarded the school's guitarist of the year award - gave the impression that such tasks were part of the curriculum.


"I'd like to thank my Mum and Dad, who are sat over there," he said ahead of a virtuoso performance of Joe Satriani's Satch Boogie.

Continue reading the main story Britain's only free performing arts and technology schoolProvides education and vocational training for the performing arts, media, art and design and technologyState-funded but has also received £6m in funding from the British Record Industry TrustAnnual Brit Awards raise money for the trust - that total was £860,000 this year"I can't believe I get to play in front of Sir George Martin."


The Beatles producer, who was instrumental in helping to raise funds and establish the school - which opened in September 1991 - was there to see the opening of a recording studio named in his honour.


The 85-year-old former Brit School governor brought the house down when he spoke of his delight at the "enormous honour".


"If there's anything to have my name attached to it, it would be lovely to have it in the Brit School - much better than an airport," said Sir George, referring to Liverpool's John Lennon Airport.

Gender gap widens for top GCSEs

The BBC's Chris Buckler met pupils at Crawshaw School, near Leeds, as they got their results

Girls have increased their lead over boys in top-grade in GCSEs, in another record-breaking year of results.


The performance gap between boys and girls has now reached its the widest ever - 6.7 percentage points - at the top grades of A* and A.


More exam entries overall were given the A and A* grades, and just under 70% were awarded between an A* and a C.


About 650,000 pupils in England, Wales and Northern Ireland have been finding out their GCSE results.


Students in Scotland received the results of their Highers and Advanced Highers earlier this month.


The GCSE results show an increase, for the 23rd year running, in the proportion of entries awarded between an A* and a C grade.


A total of 69.8% of entries made that grade.

Continue reading the main story There were more A and A* grades awarded too - with 23.2% of entries making that grade, up from 22.6% last year.


But the overall pass rate (A* to E) dropped slightly to 92.7%.


Results show the continuing trend for grades in Northern Ireland to be highest, with England second and Wales last.


In Northern Ireland, nearly 75% of GCSE exams scored between an A* and a C grade. In England, 69% made that grade and in Wales the figure was 66%.


Boys dropped further behind girls at the top grade, with just 19.6% of their exam entries awarded A* or A, compared with 26.5% for girls.


The gap has widened from just 3.6 percentage points in 1994, when the A* was introduced.


Andrew Hall, director general of AQA exam board, said examiners were "scratching their heads" over the acceleration in the trend of two decades - especially as boys are catching up with girls at A-level.


"There will be something there about boys and girls maturing at different rates," he added.

'Worrying trends'

Results day also reveals the popularity of different GCSE subjects, and this year saw an increase in the numbers taking individual sciences but a continued fall in numbers taking history, geography and modern foreign languages.

Girls opening GCSE results Young people faced high tensions as they opened their results

The number of pupils taking physics rose by 16.4% on last year, while chemistry was up 16.2% and biology 14.2%.


But the number of entries in both French and German dropped by 13.2%, while Spanish also saw a small decline and geography entries dropped by 7.1%.


The government has brought in the English Baccalaureate to try to reverse the decline in these subjects.


It will be awarded to students who achieve good GCSE passes (A* to C) in maths, English, a language, two science qualifications and either geography or history.


Jim Sinclair, director of the Joint Council for Qualifications, which represents the exam boards, welcomed the increases in separate sciences, but said the drop in languages and growing gender gap were "worrying trends".

Education Minister Nick Gibb: "Without good discipline you can't have academic achievement"


The figures also showed:

An increase in students taking maths and English early, which Mr Hall said could be influenced by teachers trying to boost league table scoresAcademies scored slightly higher grades than comprehensives - but these were well below grammar and independent schoolsDeclines in entries for design and technology (11.8%), PE (14.7%), ICT (22.8%) and music (6.2%), but a rise in religious studies (17.6%)Boys 'concern'

Schools Minister Nick Gibb said: "Today we can congratulate thousands of young people as they collect their GCSE results... No-one should underestimate the hard work and application needed to gain GCSE qualifications."

Continue reading the main story

England

A*: 7.8% (7.5)%A*-A: 23.3% (22.6%)A*-C: 69.8% (69.0%)

Northern Ireland:

A*: 8.5% (8.9%)A*-A: 27.7 (27.6)A*-C 74.8 (75.3)

Wales

A*: 6.6 (6.1)A*-A 19.5 (19.1)A*-C 66.5 (66.4)

(2010 figures in brackets)

He said the rise in maths and single sciences was "encouraging", but the fall in language study was "worrying".


"Through the English Baccalaureate, we want to make sure all pupils have the chance to study the core academic subjects which universities and employers demand," he said.


He said the gap between girls' and boys' results was "a concern", although it was a trend taking place around the world.


Improving the teaching of reading in primary schools and raising behaviour standards would help improve the situation, he said.


Christine Blower, the general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, said: "GCSE results this year are outstanding and the hard work that has gone into them should be applauded.


While she said the decline of modern languages was "disappointing," she criticised the direction the government was taking.


"For all young people to be able to reach their full potential, we need to rid ourselves of this idea that an education system familiar to those who attended school towards the middle of the last century is the only way forward," she said.


For the first time, most courses this year were taken in bite-size chunks, although coursework has been cut down and replaced with school-based controlled assessments.


But Education Secretary Michael Gove has said he wants this modular system to end, to halt what he calls a "culture of re-sits" and restore rigour to the exams system.


Teenagers beginning their GCSE courses in 2012 will do their exams under the new system - at the end of their courses.

Abuse 'normal', say at-risk teens

Katherine Sellgren BBC News education reporter  More than half the girls reported physical violence in at least one of their relationships [Picture posed by model] Teenagers from vulnerable backgrounds are experiencing high levels of abuse in their personal relationships, research by the NSPCC charity suggests.


Interviews with 44 boys and 38 girls aged 13 to 18 - who were not in mainstream school - found physical, emotional and sexual abuse was common.


More than half the girls said they had been in a sexually violent relationship before they were 18.


A quarter of boys said they had dated physically aggressive partners.


More than half of the girls reported that they had been a victim of physical violence in at least one of their intimate relationships.


Two-thirds of the girls interviewed and a third of the boys reported experiencing emotional violence, most commonly controlling behaviour.


The report, called Standing On My Own Two Feet, contacted the 82 young people through a range of agencies and organisations working with disadvantaged young people across the south-west of England.


Some of the teenagers interviewed had been permanently excluded from school, were young offenders or teenage mothers.

Forced to have sex

Emma, who was interviewed for the study, told researchers how she had been forced into having sex "quite a few times" when she was 13.


"I've never shouted rape or anything. I've never been able to say that I've been raped but it's not like I've given consent. In certain situations it has been pushed on me and it has been really horrible."

Continue reading the main story
Control and violence seem to be so prevalent in these relationships that girls are unable to recognise its impact”

End Quote Christine Barter Report author, Bristol University Ellie told researchers: "He [boyfriend] was really persistent... he like held my hands up against the wall, and I was like, 'Seriously get off, I don't like want to'.


"And he was like 'Oh no, come on, it'll be fun, it'll be like a laugh' and stuff. And so he did and I was just like... I don't know, 'cos it really hurt.


"It was horrible, and so I just laid there like crying, like tears running down my face."


Fourteen-year-old Jo said her boyfriend had "only hit me in the face once".


"He used to push me down the stairs and stuff though."


Sasha, who has been in care, said: "I felt I had to do it… like a friend would say to me 'Just do it' and stuff like that.


"Sometimes the boy would say 'Oh just do it' and like go on and on. I'm just like 'OK'."


While half of all those taking part in the research had been assigned a social worker, most did not reveal their partner's violence. Many said welfare professionals were not interested in this aspect of their lives.


The study follows on from a survey in 2009 - also by Bristol University on behalf of the NSPCC - of 1,400 girls aged 13 to 17, who were not considered to be from vulnerable backgrounds.


It found a third suffered sexual abuse in a relationship and a quarter experienced violence at the hands of their boyfriends.

'Child welfare issue'

Christine Barter, from Bristol University, who led this latest research for the NSPCC, said: "Tragically, control and violence seem to be so prevalent in these relationships that girls are unable to recognise its impact - it is an everyday happening.


"Many girls found it very difficult to see that their partner's behaviour is abusive. The government and those working with young people need to recognise that teenage partner violence is an even more profound child welfare issue for disadvantaged young people.


"This will help professionals assess the possibility of partner violence and challenge young people's beliefs that this abuse is a normal part of teenage relationships."


Andrew Flanagan, chief executive of the NSPCC, said: "It's appalling that violence in these relationships seems to be just part of daily life.


"These findings underline how important it is for children to be educated about abusive behaviour and for them to feel able to seek help to prevent it happening."


Home Office Minister Lynne Featherstone said: "We need to challenge the attitudes and behaviours that foster an acceptance of abusive relationships by intervening as early as possible.


"Bringing the issue out in the open will help teenagers feel confident to challenge abusive behaviour when they experience it or see it."

Claims of uni closure 'hit list'

From Democracy Live: Alex Salmond at First Minister's Questions

Scotland's Labour leader Iain Gray has accused Education Secretary Mike Russell of having a "hit list" of college and university closures.


The comment came during First Minister's Questions at Holyrood.


Mr Gray claimed that top of the list was one of the smallest UK universities, Abertay in Dundee.


Alex Salmond would not be drawn directly on the matter and said Mr Gray had misinterpreted Mr Russell's plans for college and university mergers.


Mr Gray said the SNP leader may not have plans to shut Glasgow or Edinburgh universities, but added: "He's going to close Abertay University. Five hundred staff and 5,000 students. The best university in this country in environmental science and in computer gaming. They are top of Mike Russell's hit list.


"Will the first minister tell us now, yes or no, is he going to close Abertay?"


Mr Salmond responded by quoting back words of support for the SNP budget from representative body Universities Scotland and Glasgow University principal Anton Muscatelli.


The first minister said: "Given that nobody in this country believes that the Labour Party, if they'd been in government, would have funded our universities to anything like this extent, can Iain Gray now find it within himself to agree with Universities Scotland, to quote the words of Anton Muscatelli, that this is a fantastic settlement for universities?"

Continue reading the main story
Iain Gray asserted that the Scottish government planned to "close" Abertay University in Dundee - and demanded a "yes or no" response to that assertion. Unsurprisingly, the FM declined to oblige”

End Quote image of Brian Taylor Brian Taylor Political editor, BBC Scotland Abertay has 4,250 students, making it one of the smallest universities in the UK and it is located close to Dundee University, which has more than 17,000 students.


With only a minority of its income coming from sources, such as research grants and overseas students, it is depends on 60% of Scottish government funding.


Labour's Jenny Marra, a North East MSP, returned to the subject during first minister's questions, re-phrasing the question to ask if Mr Russell favoured the merger of Abertay and Dundee universities.


Mr Salmond said: "That is of course not what Iain Gray asked. As I tried to point out a number of times, Iain Gray twice said that the cabinet secretary had proposed the closure of further and higher and university institutions.


"The cabinet secretary never did any such thing. He opened up the possibility of mergers as we've seen in the further and higher education sector, and indeed the university sector.


"A merger between higher institutions has happened many times in Scottish history, it's an entirely different situation from a closure and the scaremongering of Iain Gray."

'Financial sense'

Speculation that Abertay could merge or be shut came after the university's governing body received a letter from the government's Scottish Funding Council asking it to give an "evaluation and analysis" of its role.


The university had been asked to submit its views given the "rapidly-developing financial and policy context". A request was also made for it not to appoint a new principal.


Mr Russell revealed the universities and colleges mergers plan in a statement to parliament last week.


In a pre-legislative white paper, the minister told the parliament: "Ideally I would wish to see emerge regional groupings of colleges, with a spread of specialist, higher-level and access-level provision delivered locally, greater collaboration between universities, with the possibility of mergers where that makes educational and financial sense."


The Scottish Funding Council, which is responsible for handing out £1.5bn each year to colleges and universities, said it was working with the government to help deliver Mr Russell's proposals.

Devon village tops family chart

Winkleigh is growing, villagers say A village in Devon has been rated the best place for families to live in England and Wales.


Winkleigh - between Dartmoor and Exmoor - has two pubs, two churches, a post office, a grocery shop, doctor's surgery, a vet and a village hall.


Other places which are high on the list are South Petherton in Somerset and Galgate in Lancashire.


Places were rated for schools, crime, amenities and affordable homes in the list, for Family Investments.


Researchers also looked at local birth rates as well as the amount of green space an area had.


They looked at more than 60 "indicators" - both positive and negative - in 2,400 postcode areas in England and Wales to draw up the list of "famlily-friendly hotspots".


In fourth and fifth place were Eaglescliffe in Stockton-on-Tees and Bromley Cross, Bolton.


Just one place in Wales makes the top 20 - Borth in Dyfed - and one place in London - Sutton.


The authors say that, in the case of London, the high cost of housing was a factor.

'Community feel'

Winkleigh residents were unaware that their village was at the top of this family-friendly list - but they were not surprised.


Graham Warmington, chairman of the Winkleigh Society and the village's Methodist minister, said: "It's a great place to live. It's isolated but with easy access to the beauty of both Devon and Cornwall.


"There is a community feel here and different activities going on.


"Twelve years ago we were looking for somewhere to settle long term in Devon and Cornwall and for us, the village ticked all the boxes. We found the community friendly and settled in really well."


Family Investments is not revealing which areas came lowest for being family-friendly.


It says some very affluent areas are low on the list because the prices of homes outweigh other advantages.

Labour in tuition fees cap pledge

25 September 2011 Last updated at 14:38 GMT Marr interviews Ed Miliband on tuition fees cap

The maximum university fee for students in England would be cut by a third under Labour, Ed Miliband has said.

If the party was in power now it would reduce the cap from £9,000 to £6,000 to ease the debt burden on students, the Labour leader told Andrew Marr.

It would be partly funded by higher interest on student loans for graduates earning more than £65,000 a year.

Mr Miliband - who voted against tuition fee increases last year - denied Tory claims the move amounted to a U-turn.

As Labour gathers in Liverpool for its annual conference, he said: "I don't think it is a reversal of policy, I think it is implementing a policy - we voted against the £9,000 tuition fee."

But shadow business secretary John Denham told BBC News that a graduate tax still remains the party's long-term aspiration.

'Fast-buck economy'

Mr Miliband said Labour would fund the reduced cap on tuition fees by scrapping the government's planned cut in corporation tax for financial services and increasing the interest rate on the loans of the highest-earning graduates.

Continue reading the main story
If they think this is going to be a manifesto policy, then I'm sorry - this isn't going to win support of students”

End Quote Liam Burns National Union of Students BBC chief political correspondent Norman Smith said Labour hoped the announcement on tuition fees would generate a distinctive headline which would catch the public's attention.

Labour's intention was to ease the pressure on the squeezed middle, and also generate the idea of the British promise, the thinking being the next generation of youngsters should do better than their parents - but there were still a lot of questions around the policy, our correspondent added.

And he said another aspect of Labour's plans was their potential appeal to Liberal Democrat supporters, after their party abandoned plans to oppose any rise to tuition fees.

However, Mr Miliband refused to guarantee that the tuition fee cap would be in Labour's manifesto for the next general election in 2015.

"It's something we would do now. It's something we are committed to - but the manifesto is three and half years away," he told Andrew Marr.

But he added: "If we can do more at the time of the election, we will. But this is an important first step".

He said the policy was part of his plan to "change the way our country works" and end the "short-term, fast-buck economy" - a theme he said would dominate his set-piece speech to conference on Tuesday.

Continue reading the main story image of Ross Hawkins Ross Hawkins Political correspondent, BBC News

Last June, Ed Miliband - then a mere leadership candidate - unveiled his idea for funding English universities.

He would consult with students, their families and universities. Within months he would produce a plan to replace replace tuition fees with a new graduate tax.

It didn't work out that way.

At Labour's conference Mr Miliband, now a fully fledged leader, announced a different policy - a £6,000 cap on fees.

The Conservatives dubbed this a "monumental U-turn".

Not so, said Labour. There was no guarantee the cap would feature in their general election manifesto. This was their plan for now; a measure they wanted the current government to adopt. Mr Miliband said if he could do more on student finance he would.

So we're not clear what Labour's policy will be on election day if it takes place, as scheduled, in three and a half years time.

The announcement has won fresh public attention for this party conference.

Labour people won't mind their opponents badgering them for more details of how the announcement would be funded.

But the next time Mr Miliband charges ministers with reversing a policy or changing their minds, they'll accuse him of a U-turn of his own.

"I think we have got to put an end to the fast-buck era. I don't think the priority for Britain is to cut taxes for financial services - and it's a big choice and it's a big difference between ourselves and the government," said the Labour leader.

Mr Miliband said he wanted to use the party's week in Liverpool to set out an alternative to the "pessimism and austerity" which he claimed was being peddled by the coalition.

But Universities Minister David Willetts said Mr Miliband's call for a tuition fee cap made Labour's vote against fee increases last year look "completely cynical".

He said he had written to shadow business secretary John Denham to ask how the tuition fees proposal would be financed and whether the reduction would lead to lower monthly repayments for students.

In his letter, Mr Willetts said: "Ed Miliband has now accepted that tuition fees should be doubled to £6,000 a year.

"He has consistently supported a graduate tax and Labour MPs were whipped to vote against higher fees at the end of last year. This monumental U-turn is evidence of weak leadership.

"Students, parents and employers need a well-funded and world-class university sector. They will be dismayed when they see the implications of what you propose."

The president of the National Union of Students, Liam Burns, said Mr Miliband was "sorely wrong" if he believed students will back such a position at the next general election.

"If they think this is going to be a manifesto policy, then I'm sorry - this isn't going to win support of students," he said.

"Going into the context of a Parliament where the majority of people promised not to increase fees at all, to simply go back to a position of 'well, we're only doubling it,' well that's not quite good enough."

'Fantasy world'

But Mr Burns said if Mr Miliband's announcement referred to what should be done immediately, he would agree with him "wholeheartedly".

Shadow business secretary John Denham said tuition fees "don't have to be as high next year, if only the government listened to us".

He also said that Labour's long-term aspiration was to introduce a graduate tax. "That is the direction we've said we always wanted to move in. A fairer system of payment for the degrees, for the contribution we ask graduates to make. This is something that can be done today."

He also said the plans were "fully costed".

Liberal Democrat MP Gordon Birtwhistle said Labour's plan to axe the planned cut in corporate tax showed they were "living in a complete economic fantasy world", as the companies that would be affected were potential employers of students.

"If you start increasing the corporation tax on companies, then it'll be cheaper to go to university, but there won't be any jobs to go into when they leave," he said.

Tuition fees were introduced by the last Labour government.

The current £9,000 maximum was introduced by the coalition government.

The Liberal Democrats have been accused by students of breaking pre-election promises not to raise tuition fees.

Primary push for private schools

The educational gap between rich and poor pupils is said to widen at ages four and 10 A body representing some of England's leading independent schools is urging its members to consider sponsoring struggling primary schools.


The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference wrote to all its member heads after a meeting with David Cameron.


The HMC argues primary schools offer a good chance to tackle the achievement gap between rich and poor pupils.


This tends to get wider as children progress through their school years.


General Secretary of the HMC, which represents 252 schools in the UK and Northern Ireland, William Richardson said: "A number of HMC schools are already partnered with academies and the recent meeting with the prime minister and Michael Gove explored the government's aspiration that this work could be extended.


"One response to this which was already in train is involving HMC in co-ordinating interest among members who might wish to sponsor a primary academy.


"We will be undertaking that work during the coming year in order to support these schools for whom this form of working with academies meets their needs pretty well."

'Big difference'

Private schools have long been encouraged to work with struggling state schools, and some have gone on to set up schools in the state sector.


But working in the primary schools sector in this way has not been so common.


Chair of the HMC's new Primary School Academy Group David Levin told the Times Educational Supplement that he thought working with struggling primary schools was one of the best ways to promote social mobility.


"The educational gap between the rich and poor widens particularly between the ages of four and 10.


"In our view, primary schools offer the means to make a really big difference on social mobility and close that gap.


"The gap isn't as great in primary schools, in-roads are much simpler and easier to achieve. Things like the love of learning, interest in reading, the whole area of nurture and competitive sport can be instilled more easily at that age."


Earlier this month the BBC learned that Mr Cameron had held a summit with private school heads at Downing Street and that he wanted to see them help raise results by having more involvement in the state sector.


The Department for Education said: "The government is keen to see more partnerships between maintained and independent schools.


"Ministers are very aware of the benefits for both pupils and staff that can arise from such arrangements, and are determined to narrow the gap between the poorest and richest children."

Monday, 26 September 2011

Netflix edges out HBO for Dreamworks deal: report (Reuters)

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) – Netflix Inc has won a deal to pipe Dreamworks Animation movies starting in 2013, the first time a major Hollywood studio has chosen Internet streaming over traditional pay TV, The New York Times reported on Sunday.Dreamworks CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg told the newspaper the deal, worth $30 million per picture to Dreamworks over a number of years, was "game-changing" and represented a bet that viewers would soon no longer make distinctions between content streamed on the

Read more ...

EU opens antitrust probe into e-payment market (Reuters)

BRUSSELS (Reuters) – EU antitrust regulators are investigating whether a group of banks, including Deutsche Bank, HSBC and BBVA, is blocking new players from entering the European online payments market.The European Commission, which opened an investigation into the standardization process for e-payments by the European Payments Council (EPC) on Monday, said the move was prompted by a complaint, but it did not identify the complainant."Standards promote interoperability and competition, but

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Will Amazon's Tablet Finally Challenge The iPad? (The Atlantic Wire)

Speculation is mounting in advance of Wednesday's Amazon press conference, at which the company is expected to announce a new tablet computing device aimed at competing with Apple's wildly successful iPad. The path of competition with the iPad is well-trod, and it has led, so far, to heartbreak. But tech experts think Amazon – maybe only Amazon – has the ability to compete with Apple, and even to force the inventor of the iPad to drop its prices to compete with a new arrival.Related: Amazon

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GetGlue offers an entertainment-based social media Android app (Appolicious)

APPOLICIOUS ADVISOR RATING:4 of 5 bars PRICE: FreeTASTY: An entertainment-based social media app.BUMMER: Yet to be as popular as Facebook or Twitter.COOL: A good source of entertainment recommendations.Social media networks have become a big part of our lives. Facebook is here to stay, Twitter continues to grow, and Google+ just opened up to everyone. Do we need more? If you think we do, then check out GetGlue. Many people prefer an entertainment-based social media site, and for them, GetGlue

Read more ...

Facebook Changes in a Nutshell [COMIC] (Mashable)

Facebook's profound changes, outlined last week, are leaving many users scrambling to catch up. ]But, as the comic above points out, we've been through this before. Whatever the outcry this time, chances are things will settle down within a short time. What do you think? Will we get used to the new Facebook in three weeks? Or has Mark Zuckerberg gone too far this time? Let us know in the comments. Comic courtesy of Endless OrigamiThis story originally published on Mashable here.

Read more ...

Cell phone troubles plague LA-area AT&T customers (AP)

LOS ANGELES – It's been a day of missed, dropped and failed calls for AT&T wireless customers in Southern California, and the night is sounding very similar.AT&T spokeswoman Meredith Red said late Saturday that a hardware equipment issue was disrupting service for wireless subscribers in the Los Angeles area, and technicians were working on the problem.The service glitches began at about 3 p.m. and continued more than six hours later.It was not immediately clear how widespread the problem

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Review to look at schools' future

John O'Dowd will make the speech later on Monday The Education Minister John O'Dowd is due to make a major speech at the Assembly on the future of schools in Northern Ireland.

It is understood he will address falling pupil numbers, poor exam results and possibly school closures.
It comes as new figures show the number of empty school desks could be as high as 85,000.
The department lost £700m from its budget for the next four years after cuts by Westminster to the block grant.
The review

Read more ...

Labour in tuition fees cap pledge

Tuition fees were introduced by the last Labour government Labour leader Ed Miliband says his party would lower the cap on student tuition fees if returned to government.

He told the Sunday Mirror that Labour would limit university fees to £6,000 a year, down from the current £9,000 cap.
It would be partly funded by higher interest on student loans for graduates earning more than £65,000 a year.
Universities Minister David Willetts said Mr Miliband's announcement made Labour's vote against

Read more ...

Devon village tops family chart

25 September 2011 Last updated at 23:02 GMT Winkleigh is growing, villagers say A village in Devon has been rated the best place for families to live in England and Wales.Winkleigh - between Dartmoor and Exmoor - has two pubs, two churches, a post office, a grocery shop, doctor's surgery, a vet and a village hall.Other places which are high on the list are South Petherton in Somerset and Galgate in Lancashire.Places were rated for schools, crime, amenities and affordable homes in the list, for

Read more ...

Students query £1m library fines

David Dulin BBC News Wales  Swansea university waived a chunk of their fines as part of an amnesty last year The National Union of Students Wales wants clarity on how universities are spending collected library fines.

Figures obtained by BBC Wales show almost £1m was charged in the last academic year with just over half of fines collected.
NUS Wales president Luke Young said it would be "unacceptable" if the money was being put towards core services that should be funded by

Read more ...

Companies Look to Improve Facebook Policies Amid Surge of Complaints

WASHINGTON – In the age of instant tweets and impulsive Facebook posts, some companies are still trying to figure out how they can limit what their employees say about work online without running afoul of the law.Confusion about what workers can or can't post has led to a surge of more than 100 complaints at the National Labor Relations Board -- most within the past year -- and created uncertainty for businesses about how far their social media policies can go."Employers are struggling to

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Peshawar High Court stays posting of new AMC principal

ABBOTTABAD Sept The Peshawar High Court’s Circuit Bench here has granted a stay against the posting of new principal of Ayub Medical College (AMC), Abbottabad, and asked the incumbent to continue as the AMC principal till next hearing of the case.

A two-member bench accepted for hearing the application of Dr Jaffar Khan, the AMC principal, against his removal and appointment of Dr Abdul Rasheed in his place.

The petitioner pleaded that he was the senior-most professor and head of

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Muslim students in finance dilemma

21 September 2011 Last updated at 07:30 GMT By Sanjiv Buttoo BBC Asian Network  Muslim students ponder their financial options as fees go up Bushrat Almari is from Bradford and is studying for a pharmacy degree at Bradford University.


Like many Asian students in further education she lives with her family and is fortunate that her father can manage to pay the annual £3,000 tuition fees.


But that will change next year when they go up to £9,000, meaning that her sister will be prevented from getting a degree.


As practising Muslims they cannot take out a student loan as it has to be paid back with interest, which Bushrat says is forbidden.


"I follow my faith, so for me taking out a loan, no matter how low the interest rate may be, is just not an option.


"And it's the same for all my Muslim friends who do not want their beliefs to conflict with going to university."

'No alternative'

According to the Islamic faith, paying or charging interest on any loan is not permitted. Many Muslim students are therefore facing a major dilemma in trying to pay future tuition fees without applying for student loans.


Ishtiaq Ahmed, spokesman for the Bradford Council for Mosques said this was a mandatory requirement, but he also pointed out that a consensus amongst Islamic scholars in the UK now exists, and that means those rules can be modified.


"We are living in a non-Muslim country where there is no regular Islamic banking system, so in this case you are allowed to pay interest on a loan if there is no alternative, and I would say that this is very much the case here with students in higher education," he said.


"Having said that, there will be those who choose to follow their faith very strictly and will not apply for any loan."

'Priced out'

Waqar Choudhry, a student from Oldham, says that his family will not be able to find the £9,000 a year tuition fees for his cousins, who may find that university is no longer an option.


"This hike in fees is just too much and it's come in one go, how can we afford to pay - our community will lose out badly here."


According to the National Union of Students many Muslims will be prevented from going on to higher education next year, and they are worried.


Imaad Faghmous is the NUS academic affairs officer at Bradford University.


"It will be a sorry day if access to education is governed by the ability to pay your tuition fees.


"Nationally we are working with other groups and providers of Islamic finance to see if there is a way out of this massive problem which will affect one major community in the UK."

Nabil Ahmed represents the Federation of Islamic Student Societies Nabil Ahmed from FOSIS fears the aspirations of many Muslim students will be affected

Mohammed Hussain is from a strict Muslim family in Bedford and he is studying for a degree in physiotherapy.


"What about people like me who are not from an affluent background and who've fought hard to get to university, will we be thrown on the scrap heap?


"In my family already my siblings and cousins are being told that they may have to rethink about going on to further education, and maybe try and get a job instead. It's all down to money and that's just not right".


There are just over 100 Islamic Societies in British universities and most are members of the Federation of Student Islamic Societies or FOSIS.


National chairman, Nabil Ahmed, says they are in urgent talks with the government to try to find a workable solution to what he says is a major issue for them.

'Talent will be lost'

"It will be unthinkable if Muslim students are priced out of the education market and are forced to go abroad to continue with their higher education.


"Students with great minds and talent will be lost... we must stop this from happening."


Mr Ahmed says they want the government to work with them to try to find an alternative solution not just for Muslims but for all students who will not be able to pay the huge hike in fees next year.


"We are looking for a new type of student finance initiative, free of interest, and which should be equally priced to what's currently on offer.


"This will enable Muslim students to go to university without the issue of loans clouding their judgement or preventing them from applying for places."


A spokesperson for the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills said: "The department has met with the National Union of Students and the Federation of Student Islamic Societies to discuss this issue. These discussions are ongoing."


You can hear more on Asian Network Reports on the BBC Asian Network at 1230 BST and 1800 BST Monday to Friday and after on BBC iPlayer

Pupils 'need nine hours of sleep'

By Sean Coughlan BBC News education correspondent  Children who had nine to eleven hours of sleep were more likely to be better learners, says research Primary school pupils need to have at least nine hours' sleep each night or their capacity to learn will be impaired, say researchers.


The research carried out by the Autonomous University of Barcelona examined the link between sleep and children's intellectual development.


It found that a lack of sleep damaged core skills needed for learning.


The researchers suggest parents should be taught about the importance of sleep for their children's well-being.


The study found that even those children who had eight to nine hours of sleep were more likely to struggle in school compared with children who slept for nine to eleven hours.

Behaviour problems

This threshold of nine hours as a minimum was based on an examination of the sleeping patterns of 142 six to seven year olds in a range of schools in Spain.


The study found that "memory, learning and motivation" were all disrupted by insufficient sleep or the lack of a regular bedtime routine.


There were also specific problems associated with a lack of sleep, such as in language and writing.


"The lacking hours of sleep distorts children's performance in linguistic knowledge, grammar and spelling rules, and key aspects in the organisation and comprehension of texts, to name a few examples," said Ramon Cladellas, a researcher from the university's psychology faculty.


"They are basic skills, meaning that if the pupil, due to a lack of sleep, develops problems in this area, it could have a repercussion on all subjects."


Mr Cladellas said that parents needed to be made aware of the significance of making sure their children got enough sleep.


"Nowadays, there is great concern because children are glued to the television, computers, and video games, but the same importance is not given to them going to bed at the same time every night."


This is the latest study to make a connection between children's sleep and their capacity to learn and their behaviour in school.


Research from the University of Michigan in the United States, published during the summer, found that school bullies and aggressive pupils were much more likely to be the pupils who did not get enough sleep or who were suffering from sleep disorders.


It suggested that over-tired pupils did not have the "emotional regulation necessary to control aggression".


A previous study of seven and eight year olds in Finland found that the behaviour of sleep-deprived children had many similarities with the behaviour associated with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).


It found that children who slept less than eight hours were the most likely to show this disruptive behaviour.

A-level students' success stories

Students across England and Wales are celebrating receiving their A-level and AS-level results - some despite difficult personal circumstances. Ranging from an Olympic diver to a teenage mum, here are some of their stories.

Jenn said she was "really happy" with her exam results

Jenn, 18, is celebrating getting an A and two Bs in A-level law, English and drama and has secured a place at York University to study law.


But her sixth form years were marred by personal problems at home that resulted in her being made homeless for months at a time.


Her problems began in May 2010 when she said she fell out with her father over going out with friends and having a boyfriend. Just before her AS-level exams that summer, she says she was kicked out of the house and could not return to get her books and revision notes, even clothes.


Jenn slept on friends' floors before moving into a support house for young homeless people. After a brief reconciliation she returned home for a short period, but ended up back in the support house.


She has recently got back in touch with her mother, who she had not seen since she was 11, and is now staying with her and her step-father.


So what motivated her to keep going with her studies?


"I thought I've already had so much taken away from me, I've lost so many people and I just thought I'm not going to lose out on anything else. I'd always wanted to be a barrister, so I went for it.


"College really kept me going and it was the one thing that wasn't changing over that time. Everyone said to me they didn't know how I got through it."

Amy Qureshi Amy had her daughter, Daisy, when she was 17

Amy, 21, has just added an A in English literature to existing A-levels in English literature and language, and photography, for which she achieved A and B grades.


"I'm really excited, I got my place at university and I'm really proud of myself. I didn't think I'd get this far and I have, it's wonderful," she said.


She achieved the grades despite dropping out of college when she became pregnant at 17, raising her daughter alone on benefits, and having struggled for years with depression.


"There's this stereotype that young parents don't go anywhere with their lives and I was worried I'd end up in a dead-end job that I hated," she said. "I was really low."


But during a Connexions course for young mothers she was encouraged to return to St Brendan's Sixth Form College and found that learning boosted her self-esteem.


"Studying really helped me with my depression, because I was getting positive feedback from my teachers, it was making me feel good about myself," she said.


Amy has been accepted to study English Literature at the University of the West of England, and hopes to become an English teacher. Her daughter, Daisy, is now four.


"I want her to see that you can make something of your life even if things don't go exactly way you planned," she said.

Daniel Holt Daniel said watching law programmes on TV gave him a thirst for the profession

Daniel got an A* and two As in psychology, law and English language, securing a place to study law at Queen Mary, University of London.


The 20 year old, who lives in Timperly with his family, has cerebral palsy, limiting his mobility. As Daniel has limited movement in his hands, his college provided support throughout his exams, such as a scribe.


He attributes his success to working hard and being incredibly determined to do well in his grades.


Daniel, whose ambition is to become a barrister after his degree, says being incredibly focussed on this goal helped him to achieve his results.


"I have had an interest in law from a young age, when I used to watch law-based programmes on television. I am looking forward to being able to see the situations first-hand," he said.


"I'm extremely proud with my results, I was expecting three As, but I am so proud of doing even better," he said. "I am looking forward to learning more about law in practice at university, and eventually hope to become a barrister."


He will be moving on his own to London at the end of August and is already looking forward to settling into university life.

Caitlin Horner, Ben Horner, Matthew Waugh, Stuart Waugh, Priya Rogers and Rekha Rogers One set of brothers got identical results in identical subjects

Six sets of twins were among the pupils achieving high grades at the independent Brighton College in East Sussex.


Of these, five of the siblings got the same grades as each other.


Among them were Rehka and Priya Rogers, 18, who got three As and one A* each, but said they had hoped to do even better.


Rehka, who is going on to study law at Oxford after getting an A* in chemistry and As in French, maths and history, while Priya, who also got an A* in chemistry, along with As in physics, maths and French and is going to study medicine at Kings College London.


Speaking of sibling rivalry, she said: "Luckily there's no competition at all. If one of us did badly and one of us did well I would have wanted it to be her that did well.


"But it worked out well because we've got the same grades."


Matthew and Stuart Waugh, 18, both got three As in geography, business studies and PE.


The pair, who have never been apart for more than a week at a time, will be split up when they go to university, with Matthew going to Newcastle and Stuart to Leeds.


Stuart said: "We'll miss each other, everyone says we're soulmates because we've got the same soul."

Tom Daley Tom admitted on Twitter on Wednesday that he was nervous

World-champion diver Tom Daley, 17, is among the students who have received their exam results on Thursday.


He completed his photography A-level this year, at the age of 17, and will continue with maths and Spanish modules next year at the independent Plymouth College.


Writing on Twitter he said: "Ok got the results!!!! Maths B, Spanish A and Photography A* :) gonna retake one of my maths modules but kinda happy :)."


Tom, who hopes to win a diving medal in 2012 London, received his results via email rather than attending in person.


In May, his father Rob, died from cancer.


Tom has been a student at Plymouth College since April 2009 when aged 15, he was taken out of Plymouth's state-run Eggbuckland Community College, saying he was being bullied.


His new school developed what headmaster Simon Wormleighton called "a flexible academic programme to fit in with his various commitments".

Kiron Young Kiron says he's very excited about starting university

Kiron, 19, achieved a B in psychology and C in sociology. He already had a C in law, so now he has a place at Birmingham City University to study law.


He said he wanted to study law to ensure he followed a different route to some of his peers.


"The area I grew up in doesn't contain the best behaved people. I don't want to be the same as someone who is there doing crime, it made me want to study law. It deterred me from that lifestyle," he said.


Kiron has 13 siblings. He shares a house with his mum, step-father, 17-year-old sister and baby brother and sister who are aged two and one - born during his A-levels.


"The past two years have been a little bit of a struggle," he says. "I help when I can, but I'm not expected to help."


Most of his studying took place in the peace of the Filton College library, where he said he would go from 09:00 to 17:00. He would also go there in the holidays, or to the city library.


He also worked part time at Sainsbury's until last September, when he decided to focus purely on his studies. "It was hard, as I need the money, but I'm not going to jeopardise my studies, they're what's important in the long term."


He was awarded "student who has made the most progress" on A-levels at the college's recent prize day and is excited about starting university.

Ben Andrews Ben said his parents and grandparents were thrilled with his results

Ben, who is is only 16 and attends a comprehensive school, achieved A* in Maths and Physics, an A in Geography and As in English and Further Maths in his AS levels.


"I am delighted with my A-level results and have just received my confirmation letter from Ucas informing me that I have met the conditions for my offer from Selwyn College, Cambridge."


He sat his exams as part of an accelerated programme at school and will study economics in 2012, when he will have just turned 18.


"There were lots of problems this morning trying to find out my results. We couldn't get on to the website. I finally got my results from school and had to wait for the letter today from Cambridge to find out if I'd got my place there," he said.


"I'm really delighted - so are my parents and grandparents."

The darkness of Dahl

12 September 2011 Last updated at 12:55 GMT By Tom de Castella BBC News Magazine  James and the Giant Peach is 50 years old. In the story his parents die a violent death and James escapes abusive relatives. Why was Roald Dahl so dark?


There's a perception that children's literature involves endless picnics where the strawberry jam and lashings of ginger beer never run out. But Roald Dahl pursued a different path, satisfying children's appetite for the violent, greedy and disgusting.


Today, 50 years after the publication of James and the Giant Peach, Dahl is a towering figure. It was his first children's book and has now sold 5.1 million copies in the UK as well as being translated into 34 languages. But for years it struggled to find a British publisher.


The surreal plot emerged from bedtime stories Dahl told to daughters Tessa and Olivia. The hero, four-year-old James, is orphaned after his parents are killed by a rhinoceros. James is sent to live with his wicked aunts, the start of a traditional Dahl theme - the solitary child at the mercy of cruel adults.

Continue reading the main story Roald Dahl Roald Dahl (1916-1990) was born in Llandaff, south Wales, to Norwegian parentsHis stories are published in 49 languagesMore than 100 million copies of his books have been sold globallyIn 2010, Puffin Books sold a Roald Dahl book every five seconds10% of author royalties from books, films, plays and merchandise are donated to two charitiesHe is bullied and beaten until one day an old man gives him a bag of crocodile tongues. James drops them by mistake on the peach tree, causing a giant peach to sprout, which James ends up living inside with various friendly insects.


"There's the isolated central child who is then propelled into a fantastical landscape inside the peach," says Donald Sturrock, whose authorised biography of Dahl - Storyteller - has just been published in paperback. What follows is a child taking revenge against adults. Backed up by some unlikely friends - in this case a centipede, earthworm and grasshopper - James squashes the aunts with the peach and floats away.


Dahl's books are full of the grotesque, from Mrs Twit substituting worms for her husband's spaghetti, to child-eating giants in the BFG, and the hero of Danny the Champion of the World drugging pheasants so that they're easier to poach.


Greed and its punishment is everywhere, whether it's Violet Beauregarde swelling up into a blueberry in Charlie and The Chocolate Factory or the child in Matilda who is forced to eat a whole chocolate cake.


For the Times newspaper's children's book critic Amanda Craig, there's also a "streak of rather unpleasant misogyny". In a Freudian sense, female characters are either warm and loving like the "supportive, luscious peach" or evil like the wicked aunts. It's a simple duality that children are used to, she argues.

Continue reading the main story Danny Devito and Rhea Perlman in the 1996 movie Matilda Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: One of Dahl's best-loved stories. It is a black comedy with the naughty children receiving diabolical revengesDanny the Champion of the World: Danny, whose mother died when he was still a baby, discovers his father's deepest, darkest secret - a love of poaching George's Marvellous Medicine: George concocts a hideous cure for his grandma's selfishness, grumpiness and general nastiness Matilda: The leading lady (pictured above in the 1996 film version) is an exceptionally bright young girl who is horribly mistreated by her parentsThe Witches: A young boy, whose parents have been killed in a car accident, has to battle against the Grand High Witch who wants to kill all the children in England"Dahl is picking up the baton of the evil stepmother and the fairy godmother."


James and the Giant Peach was published in the US in 1961. But it was considered too "dark, brutal and vulgar" for the British publishing establishment, says Sturrock.


At the time, Dahl was seen as a writer of macabre short stories for adults. The book was eventually published in the UK in 1967 after Dahl agreed to pay half of the publishing costs in return for the same proportion of sales income. As it went on to sell millions it turned out to be spectacularly good business, his first of many best-sellers as a children's author.


There's always been darkness in fairy tales. In the 19th Century Hansel and Gretel involved a witch wanting to cook children in her oven, while Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist featured an orphan living out a miserable childhood.


But Dahl took things beyond masochism to sadism, says former children's laureate Michael Rosen. "In Hansel and Gretel the father is poor and only gets rid of the children against his better wishes. But in Dahl the parents are often sadists like in Matilda. There's a persistent nastiness and brutality in Dahl and he lingers over their horrible appearances and habits."


The darkness came from his own life. His father and sister died when he was three years old and a few years later he was sent to boarding school, a period he wrote about later in his book Boy.

Fantastic Mr Fox 2009 George Clooney was the voice of Mr Fox in the 2009 Hollywood film

"He lost his father young. Then his mother sent him away to boarding school where he was viciously beaten. Those sadistic parents in his fiction are a reframing of his own experience," says Rosen.


Then there was his wartime experience. "Very few people have quite that fierceness," says Craig. "He's one of the few children's authors who's actually killed people. That is going to have an effect on how you see people and the world."


But others argue the darkness came from within his character. The book reviewer Kathryn Hughes recently wrote of him in the Guardian: "No matter how you spin it…Roald Dahl was an absolute sod. Crashing through life like a big, bad child he managed to alienate pretty much everyone he ever met."


Like many other children's writers such as Beatrix Potter, C S Lewis and Lewis Carroll, he had an ambiguous relationship with children. Sturrock argues he loved them but accepts he lost interest when they grew up.


"Once his own kids turned adolescent he switched off and packed them off to boarding school," he says.


Whatever his failings, Dahl succeeded because he understood a child's dark side, says Rosen.

Continue reading the main story BBC Radio 4 Extra is running a month-long series of programmes about Roald Dahl and his work, weekdays on The 4 O'Clock Show. "Dahl knew that what children want in literature is the opposite of what they want in life. He believed that children love and hate their parents in equal measure. He lifts the lid and allows a child to have that hate feeling to adult carers."


Comedian Tim Minchin says Dahl's plots sound "terrifying". And while it's true they "scared him witless" as a child, it is an abstract fear free of the gruesome "baggage" that adults bring to the stories.


"When adults see child abuse in Matilda they think of Baby P. But kids don't see it that way," says Minchin, whose Matilda the Musical opens in London next month. "For children it looks dirty and fun."


And the books always end happily, says Craig. It's not so much a righting of the moral universe as the triumph of the child, she argues.


"He was unequivocal that it is the good, young and kind who triumph over the old, greedy and the wicked."


And the old shouldn't object, she says. For when we read Dahl we all become children again.

A-levels spark university battle

Angela Harrison Education correspondent, BBC News  Good exam results meant celebrations for many A-level passes have risen for the 29th year in a row as teenagers face an intense battle for university places.


Those who miss out on a place this year could face tuition fees of up to £9,000 a year.


Many did not know for hours whether they had a place, after problems on a key university admissions website.


Hundreds of thousands of teenagers in England, Wales and Northern Ireland have received the results of their A- and AS-levels.


The overall pass rate is up slightly, but for the first time in 14 years there has been no increase in the total proportion getting A or A* grades.


Just over 27% of entries scored these grades, with a small rise in the proportion awarded A*.

Website anger

The Ucas Track website, where teenagers find out whether they have got their university places, was taken down for several hours, after the system could not cope with the number of people logging on.


Students vented their anger on Twitter, other social networking sites - and to the BBC.

Ucas has apologised, saying the number of people of logging on had been four-times higher than at the same time last year. It now says the service has been fully restored.


Data it released on Thursday afternoon show the number of students who had logged in to the Track system by lunchtime was vastly down on what it was this time last year (461,000 opposed to 1.2 million).


Earlier, one parent, who is also a secondary school head teacher, told the BBC News website: "My son is waiting to find out if he has been accepted at his first-choice university. The Ucas website has been down... My son is therefore trying to ring the admissions tutor but of course the switchboard is jammed.


"There are students, parents and schools all over the country who are now having to deal with the difficulty and frustration of a failed ICT system. This should be a simple and efficient process which has instead caused problems for thousands of people."


Alice Brien, from Huntingdon, said: "I have just got my results and didn't get the grades required.


"I'm still unable to log on to Ucas. I've been trying to phone university phone numbers and they are continually engaged. It has just been chaos."


From 2012, many UK students will face tuition fees up to a maximum of £9,000 a year at English universities, compared with the present level of just over £3,000 a year.

Continue reading the main story
I hope these pictures are broadcast worldwide because these represent the true picture of British youth."”

End Quote Nick Gibb Schools Minister In Scotland and Wales, fees will be imposed or raised for students from other parts of the UK, but not for "home" students. Scottish students will continue to pay no fees and Welsh students will be subsidised wherever they study in the UK.


Northern Ireland's universities will not raise their fees next year.

Science boost

Overall, the A-level pass rate rose slightly from 97.6% to 97.8%.


The results show boys have closed the gap with girls at the very top grade of A* and that more teenagers are opting to do science and maths.


Entries for maths (and further maths) rose by 7.4%, while there were also increases for biology (7.2%), chemistry (9.2%) and physics (6.1%).

Shadow education secretary Andy Burnham said it was now time to 'raise the status of the non-university route'.


But fewer teenagers are opting to take traditional modern languages at A-level - a trend which has been seen for many years.


Entries for French and German fell again - this year by 4.7% and 6.9% respectively.


With applications at record levels and a drop in the number of teenagers taking a gap year, universities have been raising their entry requirements.


The government says 15 of England's universities now want applicants to have at least one A* grade.

'True picture'

The new top grade was brought in last year, together with changes designed to make the A-level more challenging to bright students.


This year A* was awarded to 8.2% of entries - up from 8.1% last year.

Graph showing popularity of science and language subjects over time

But the proportion of entries getting either an A* or an A stayed unchanged at 27%.


Schools Minister Nick Gibb praised teenagers for their hard work, and said they showed the true picture of "British youth".


"We should congratulate the quarter of a million young people who have succeeded in getting an A-level grade or more than one A-level grade," he said.


"It's a real contrast to appalling films we saw of a tiny minority of young people causing mayhem in our cities. I hope these pictures [of A-level students] are broadcast worldwide because these represent the true picture of British youth."


In the UK as a whole, just over three-quarters of A-level exam entries were awarded at least a C grade - with 27% scoring an A or A*.


Results were highest again in Northern Ireland, where 34.5% of entries were given an A or A*. In England, 26.8% made that grade and in Wales, the figure was 23.9%.

Pressure on places

So far, there have been just over 673,000 applications for undergraduate places in the UK.


Last year, there were places for 487,000 people.

David Cameron: "There are a record number of university places available this year"


Ucas says nearly 190,000 applicants are eligible for clearing - often because they have not got the grades they needed - including students from overseas.


That is nearly 5,000 more than this time last year.


Ucas says there are 29,400 courses with places available at the moment - a drop from 33,105 last year.


Last year, 47,000 students found places through clearing.


Applications to UK universities are at a record high, after several years of steady increase.


Last year, they rose by 12%. This year applications rose by 1.3%.


At the same time, the number of candidates taking a gap year - deferring for 12 months - has fallen by 40% to 30,000.

More changes ahead

Education Secretary Michael Gove has ordered a review of A-levels to see how they compare with exam systems in other countries.


He has also said he wants more emphasis on a final exam which stretches candidates' capacity for original thought.


Recent changes to the A-level - brought in at the same time as the A* grade - involved the introduction of questions designed to stretch the brightest students and the cutting of the number of modules or sections of an A-level from six to four.


About 160,000 teenagers in Scotland got the results of their Highers and Advanced Highers earlier this month.


The pass rate for the Higher was 75.2%, an increase of 0.5% on the previous year, while the figure for Advanced Highers was 79.3%, up 1.8%.

University in stand-alone pledge

MacKinnon BBC Scotland education correspondent  Students could see mergers in Scotland's university sector One of Scotland's smallest universities said it aimed to remain an independent institution, despite the possibility of mergers in the education sector.


Dundee's Abertay University received a letter from the government's Scottish Funding Council asking it to give an "evaluation and analysis" of its role.


The university has been asked to submit its views given the "rapidly-developing financial and policy context".


Education Secretary Mike Russell revealed the mergers plan last week.


In a pre-legislative white paper, the minister told the parliament: "Ideally I would wish to see emerge regional groupings of colleges, with a spread of specialist, higher-level and access-level provision delivered locally, greater collaboration between universities, with the possibility of mergers where that makes educational and financial sense."


The Scottish Funding Council, which is responsible for handing out £1.5bn each year to colleges and universities, said it was working with the government to help deliver Mr Russell's proposals.


Education funding is expected to be affected by a proposed new round of cutbacks in the Scottish government's spending review which will be presented by Finance Secretary John Swinney on Wednesday.


The funding council letter to Abertay officials had also asked it to delay appointing a new principal.


The university has forged a reputation for strong links with industry and for pioneering research in computer games.

From Democracy Live: Mike Russell makes his statement to Holyrood on post-16 education


It also has above average success in attracting students from poorer backgrounds.


But with 4,250 students it is one of the smallest universities in the UK and is located close to Dundee which has more than 17,000 students.


With only a minority of its income coming from sources, such as research grants and overseas students, it is dependent on the Scottish government for 60% of its funding.


A spokesman for Abertay University confirmed that the chairman of its Court - which is its governing body - had received the letter from the Scottish Funding Council.


He said: "The court is considering its response in the context of the University's Strategic Plan for 2011-2015 for Abertay to continue 'as a vibrant and independent university developing across several crucial and exciting areas' and in the context of the government's White Paper on post-16 education in Scotland, published last week, which could offer many opportunities for Abertay to continue to develop what it does best."


Mary Senior, Scottish official of the University and College Union, which represents academic staff said it would be monitoring any merger proposals.


She added: "It is not always shown that mergers equal cost savings and mergers cannot be seen from just a financial angle."


Future mergers may not just be between universities. In the past leading figures in education circles have suggested the case for some universities merging with further education colleges.


Abertay's neighbouring university, Dundee, said it was "not currently involved" in any discussions "relating to the communication between the Scottish Funding Council and the University of Abertay Dundee".


A spokesperson added: "We are happy to engage in any discussion with other educational institutions - schools, colleges and universities - relating to the post-16 educational journey, particularly within Tayside."